Ernest Hemingways Experiences - 651 Words

Hemingway used his written work as a depiction of his own life experiences in a number of ways. Like many other author’s he uses his stories and his poems to show his life. In stories such as â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, A Farewell to Arms, and â€Å"In Another Country† he portrays the characters as a reflection of himself. In each of these examples Hemingway explains multiple different aspects of his own life including, his life prior, during, after the war, and his love of a woman named Agnes. Although these stories aren’t exact descriptions of his life, they can be interpreted as depictions of his experiences. In the story titled, â€Å"In Another Country†, Hemingway speaks with an Italian major at a hospital. He uses the character named â€Å"Nick† to portray his own self. One example of this is â€Å"My knee did not bend and the leg dropped straight from the knee to the ankle without a calf, and the machine was to bend the knee and make it move as riding a tricycle. But it did not bend yet, and instead the machine lurched when it came to the bending part.† (Hemingway, Ernest. In Another Country.) Hemingway uses this to depict his own real life leg injury that he went through when fighting in war. Another example in this story is when Hemingway has his character talk to the Italian Major. He conveys his own message through him speaking with the man. â€Å"Why must not a man marry? He cannot marry. He cannot marry, he said angrily. If he is to lose everything, he should not place himself in aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ernest Hemingway’s Writings and Wartime Expe riences2405 Words   |  10 PagesHemingway’s Writings and Wartime Experiences      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oak Park, Illinois greatly influenced the writing world on July 12,1899.   For on that day Grace Hemingway, the wife of Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, gave forth to the writing world a baby boy by the name of Ernest Miller Hemingway (Young 82). He would, later in his life, compose the most powerful literary impact upon the new generation of American writers with his plain, factual, but evocative style (Morris 863).   No one in America would everRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Lost Generation885 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway was a famous modernist writer during the 20th century. Hemingway was part of what was known as â€Å"The Lost Generation† this name arose post-World War 1. The modernist movement was a drastic change in numerous things such as art and literature. Ernest contributed much to this movement with his literary works. World War 1 played a major role in not only modernism, but also Hemingway’s writing. Ernest Miller Hemingway was a modernist writer who took his experiences from World War 1 andRead More Ernets Hemingway Essay example1287 Words   |  6 Pages Ernest Hemingway I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Introduction to Ernest Hemingway II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Life and Times A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Life 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Birth 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Parents 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Siblings 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hobbies B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adulthood 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;War 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;MarriageRead MoreErnest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature1550 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. 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Case study of Bangladesh and Boscastle Floods Free Essays

1. The flood occurred on Monday, 16 August 2004 in the villages of Boscastle in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village suffered extensive damage after flash floods caused by an exceptional amount of rain that fell over eight hours that afternoon. We will write a custom essay sample on Case study of Bangladesh and Boscastle Floods or any similar topic only for you Order Now At midday on the 16th August 2004, heavy thundery showers had developed across the South West; these were the remnants of Hurricane Alex (2004) which had crossed the Atlantic. The flood in Boscastle was filmed and extensively reported. The floods were the worst in local memory. A study commissioned by the Environment Agency from a hydraulics consulting firm concluded that it was among the most extreme ever experienced in Britain. 1. The flood occurred during late July, August and September of 2004 and was widespread across Bangladesh. Although flooding is common, the 204 was exceptional bad with increased loss of live and livelihood. Bangladesh suffered extensive damage and approximately 38% of the country was submerged in flood water at some point Boscastle and Bangladesh Floods 2004 Causes Boscastle Bangladesh 1. 75mm of rain fell in just 2 hours in the village 2. The village lies in a steep valley which speeded up overland flow of rainwater 3. The village lies at the confluence of two rivers 4. The natural channel had been walled so the river couldn’t adjust to the sudden increase in water 5. There had never been a major flood in this village so there were no flood prevention methods in place. 6. The torrential rain led to a 2 m (7 ft) rise in river levels in one hour. A 3 m (10 ft) wave, believed to have been triggered by water pooling behind debris caught under a bridge and then being suddenly released as the bridge collapsed, surged down the main road. Water speed was over 4 m/s (10 mph), more than enough to cause structural damage. It is estimated that 20,000,000 cubic metres of water flowed through Boscastle that day alone 7. Changes in farming practice caused a reduction of trees and hedges higher up the valley causing water to flow through more quickly than would have been the case in the past. The saturated surface also contributed. 8. Boscastle lies in a valley and the highland encouraged precipitation in the form of orographic rainfall. 1. Bangladesh is a low-lying country with most of its land lying on the delta land of three major rivers, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and Meghna. 2. Climate change resulted in melting glaciers in the Himalayas which contribute to water input. 3. Deforestation in the Himalayas for agriculture led to increased soil erosion. This had a negative effect on the rates of interception and evapotranspiration resulting in more water reaching the river. 4. There was as unusual heavy seasonal monsoon rain upstream from May-September which fed into the rivers. This was a large contributing factor. 5. There were also tropical revolving storms (cyclones) that brung exceptional winds, intense precipitation and storm surges. Causing high discharge in the rivers. 6. River implement is difficult to implement as Bangladesh in one of the poorest countries with the GDP at around $300. 7. Increased pressure of rural-urban migration meant that more people lived on the flood plains. 8. The increased sediment in the river is also a contributing factor. Immediate Impacts Boscastle Bangladesh 1. A burst sewage mains and damaged buildings made much of Boscastle inaccessible for health safety reasons for at least a few days. 75 cars, 5 caravans, 6 buildings and several boats were washed into the sea. Large loss of possessions 2. Approximately 100 homes and businesses were destroyed; trees were uprooted and debris were scattered over a large area. 3. A fleet of 7 helicopters rescued about 150 people clinging to trees and the roofs of buildings and cars. 4. No one died. 5. Roads were blocked off by the floodwater, making emergency access difficult except from the air. Even when rescue helicopters arrived, the valley was only big enough for two to operate at any one time, prolonging the operation putting lives at risk from the still rising flood waters. 6. Property was destroyed by debris such as entire trees vehicles speeding down the valley at high speed, pulled out towards the sea by the raging torrent. Buildings were smashed, especially in the main street where the river channel flows. 7. People were trapped in buildings by the floodwater forced to seek refuge on the roofs of the buildings and await rescue. The danger of hypothermia, shock or even being swept away was great. 8. People were left homeless for the night, so emergency accommodation had to be set up. Nearby hotels guest houses were packed with tourists who had arrived in Boscastle in the morning had lost their cars, so were unable to return to their accommodation elsewhere. 1. During July and August 2004, approximately 38% of the total land area of the country was flooded, including 800,000 hectares of agricultural land and the capital city, Dhaka. 2. As well as 1.5 million acres of crop damage there was the death of 21,000 livestock. This is a huge loss of income for the families. 3. Nationwide, 36million people (out of a total population of 125 million) were made homeless. 4. By Mid September the death toll had risen to 800. Many of these people died as a result of disease caused by lack of clean water. 5. Raw sewage contaminated much of the flooded areas especially in Dhaka. 6. The flood also caused serious damage to the country’s infrastructure, including roads, bridges and embankments, railway lines and irrigation systems 7. Almost a million dwellings were destroyed, more than 3 million damaged and millions of inhabitants temporarily or permanently displaced. 8. Boats were afloat on the main runway at Sylhet Airport and all domestic and internal flights were suspended. Rail and road links into Dhaka and the affected areas were severely damaged. This created a difficulty distributing supplies. 9. The value of the damage was assessed as being in the region of $2.2 billion 10. Although the flood affected both the poor and wealthy households, the poor were generally less able to withstand its impacts. Landless labourers and small farmers were the most severely affected in rural areas. In the urban areas it was typical the slum dwellers, squatting on poorly drained land, who suffered the most. 11. 5000 shelters opened to accommodate the homeless. 12. 25,000 schools were damaged. The undamaged ones were used as emergency shelter and doctors set up clinics in the back of trucks. 13. Loss of export earnings from factories. Long Term Impacts Boscastle Bangladesh 1. Floodwater damaged a great deal of properties. Possessions were lost, river water and burst sewage mains spoiled the ground floor of many houses thousands of pounds worth of damage was done. 2. Repairs had to be made after the damage. This was very time consuming costly. Some buildings were beyond repair their owners have had to consider rebuilding from scratch. 3. The damage not only affected the residents, but also insurance companies. It is likely that home insurance will be much costlier in Boscastle from now on. 1. Boscastle’s main industry is tourism. The town was effectively closed to tourists after the flood, causing a massive loss of revenue. Tourist attractions such as the witchcraft museum were lost and tourists next season will be wary of visiting the town in case the floods are repeated. Boscastle may never recover its tourist industry fully many small businesses could go out of business as a result. 90% of Boscastle economy is tourism, the floods caused major loss of tourism. 21 accommodation providers had to close down. 2 of which didn’t reopen. 2. Environmental damage to local wildlife habitats 3. Costal pollution caused as debris and fuel from cars flowed out to sea. 4. People suffered from long term stress and anxiety as a result of been traumatised by the incident. 1. The floods caused 4 environmental impacts: river-bank erosion, especially on embankment areas close to the main channels; soil erosion; water logging particularly in the urban areas; and water contamination, such as raw sewage in Dhaka, and the associated health risks that come with this. 2. As Bangladesh is such a poor country, the short term impacts almost mirror the long term ones as there’s little money to alter them. 3. The 36 million that were homeless up to 70% of them will remain that way for up to 5 years. 4. Factories continued to have a loss of earnings as there was a loss of export. 5. Roads, houses, other infrastructure, railway lines and embankments remained damaged. 6. Charities and other NGO have continued to provide aid and help distribute supplies 7. People undoubtedly will have suffered from long term stress and anxiety as a result of been traumatised by the incident. 8. Many small businesses and many peoples income (through farming or rearing animals) will have been lost and will never recover. 9. The absence of money in the country will inevitably mean certain amenities won’t get repaired. Immediate responses Boscastle Bangladesh 1. Buildings that were damaged were secured by building inspectors. This took 7 days, after which homeowners could retrieve there possessions. 2. People were relocated. 3. Power and water supplies were repaired 4. Local GP surgery acted as an emergency centre 5. Prince Charles made a large donation to rebuild parts of Boscastle. 6. Cars and debris was removed as well as the demolition of damaged buildings. 7. Environment agency removed debris upstream and burned vegetation away from the river. 8. Roads and sewage works were restored. 9. Nearby hotels welcomed anyone affected by the floods to stay. Especially tourists. 10. Tourists were given food and amenities and transport free of charge and helped to recover any of their possession before been helped to return home 11. The entire region was inspected the probability of a recurrence calculated. The Environment Agency has recommended that construction in the area in the future should not include facilities for those most vulnerable to flash-flooding, such as the elderly young children. Effectively, this means that the local Council will reject any planning applications for residential homes or schools in the valley. 1. Government organised a large scale search and rescue mission, with help from NGO’s and volunteers. 2. Sewage in the capital city was drained. 3. The government, working with non-governmental organisations (NGO’s) provided emergency relief in the form of rice, clothing, water, medicines and blankets. 4. An international appeal was launched with over $50 million donated. 5. The UN activated a disaster management team to coordinate the activities of the various UN agencies. They supplied critical emergency supplies and conducted a â€Å"damage and needs assessment† in the affected areas. 6. Bilateral aid from individual countries was directed to the UN team. 7. The charity WaterAid affected many areas that WaterAid works in, and so WaterAid and its partners actively engaged and assisted in water and sanitation issues, by rehabilitating existing work and through hygiene education. WaterAid’s initial response included supplying oral saline and water purification tablets, providing transportation for emergency patients, disinfecting water points affected by flood water and raising awareness of hygiene risks through posters. 8. Many other charities such as the Red Cross provided volunteers who distributed food and essential relief items like kitchen sets, lighting, clothing, shelter materials and water purification tablets. They also provided healthcare and supported search and rescue operations. Long Term Responses Boscastle Bangladesh 1. 2004: Buildings searched, buried cars removed from harbour, trees removed, roads cleared, B3263 bridge temporary concrete parapets installed. Completed an Overflow culvert work and hard sticks were inserted into the ground so barrier against the flood water would be created. The museum and shops were demolished. All power and water supplies were restored. The Boscastle power system was also renewed 2. 2005: Most shops and restaurants re-open with new customers. The flood defences were increased and improved strongly with an  £800,000 flood defense scheme been completed by April 2005. The rest of Boscastle got rebuilt. 3. 2006: Two underground pumping stations for the sewage treatment scheme began and work to widen and lower the river channel to increase capacity began. The car park level was raised, and extended, reducing the risk of cars being washed away if it flooded again. 4. 2007: A ‘gateway building† was built and work started on rebuilding an old culvert at the top of the village, to allow more water to flow through in periods of heavy rain. Work started on installing the pipes for the new sewage treatments works, in the harbour area (between the Lower and Upper bridges). Traffic lights were reinstalled and the new lower bridge was installed. 5. 2008: Work on rebuilding the culvert next to the petrol station completed as well as a culvert in Dunn Street. The harbour was resurfaced and the Old Lower Bridge was demolished, and the new Lower Bridge was brought into use. 1. Self help schemes were put in place, such as growing pumpking on ground thought to be infertile, â€Å"Superducks†, Site and service and core housing. 2. WaterAid repaired tubewells, constructed mobile latrines and gave house to house counselling to families. 3. Charities continued donating money and continued their work with distributing supplies, improving living conditions and treating disease 4. Australia donated food supplies, consequently been the largest food aid donor to Bangladesh with the total worth contribution to over $27.6 million 5. With aid and government funding infrastructure was rebuilt along with some roads. All traces of sewage were removed from the capital city. 6. Flood shelters and early-warning systems have been successfully put in place. 7. Small scaled community projects have been put in place resulting in lives been saved 8. Following the floods, additional financial aid was granted for a period of 5 years. This was mainly in the form of a loan from the World Bank, to pay for, in the first instance, repairs to infrastructure, water resource management, health care and education. 9. Disaster-preparedness is a key priority for the future. This includes flood management and improved water resources. It is also planned that, in future, flood-resistant designs should be used in all social and economical infrastructure projects. How to cite Case study of Bangladesh and Boscastle Floods, Free Case study samples

Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility? Answer Introduction The study of organisational behaviour is related to the examination of employees at the workplace which assist management into formulating policies for increasing the productivity of workers. While examining the behaviour of the workplace, management analyses the attitude, satisfaction, and commitment of employees towards the company. The productivity of an employee is directly related to his commitment or satisfaction level, which can be enhanced by effective managerial policies. The reason for management to study their employees behaviour is to assess their needs and provide better incentives. This essay will analyse the impact of employees attitude over the performance of the company. Further, the essay will analyse the effect of commitment and satisfaction of employees in augmenting corporations growth. Various theories from market experts will be evaluated in the essay to understand the aspects of organisational behaviour study. Organisational Behaviour and Job Satisfaction Modern organisation prefers to analyse the behaviour of their employees to collect information regarding their attitude, satisfaction, and commitment. As per Aswathappa and Reddy (2209), this information can be used by management while dealing with their employees. It assists in maintaining a positive relationship with employees and enhances their productivity in the workplace. Management can use such information to provide better compensation and rewards to their employees which improves their job satisfaction. Brooks (2009) provided that the primary motive of management to examine the workplace behaviour is to boost the productivity of employees in the company. The feeling or approach of a person towards any object or situation is known as attitude. According to Rollinson (2008), the attitude of a person significantly influences their behaviour towards everything. The attitude of a person comprises his thoughts, beliefs, status, and motivations. The managers of organisations can study their employees attitude to boost their productivity. The positive or negative attitude of employees affects their productivity in the workplace. The positive attitude of an employee positively affects his and other employees productivity and improves their work. As per Baillien et al. (2009), the impact of negative attitude reduces the employees productivity and adversely influences the work of other employees as well. For example, the negative comment or bullying face by employees can reduce their productivity significantly, and on the other hand, the positive relationship between employees and management can boost workers productivity. Therefore, most moder n organisations prefer to analyse the attitude of their employees to augment the performance of the corporation. As per Douglas et al. (2008), negative environment or stressful works can adversely influence the attitude of an employee for his job. For example, if the employer constantly forces his employees to achieve their targets, then eventually the performance of such employees will reduce. Bullying is one of the primary reasons for employees negative behaviour at the workplace. The negative relationship between two co-workers affects the performance of both employees. In order to effectively operate an organisation, the management is required to formulate policies to maintain positive work environment between employees. Proper appraisal and rewards can boost the attitude of employees for a small period of time but for the longer satisfaction, it is necessary that positive work environment is established in the corporation. Creed (2011) provided that management should communicate with their employees to find the reason for their negative behaviours and solve such issues between employees. T he positive attitude of employees will improve the performance of corporation as a whole. To establish a positive environment in the workplace, the management can implement following steps: The first step is related to understanding the attitude of employees and finding the reason for their negative behaviour. The management should determine the problems faced by employees while performing their duties or while interacting with other employees (Kitchin, 2017). The management should discuss the problems with employees and provide solutions to solve such problem. Depending upon the problem, the management can introduce a monetary or non-monetary solution to employees. The reasons for stress or negativity in the corporations environment such as deadline pressure or bullying should stop by the management. The tension between employees should also be discussed and solved by the management with the establishment of mutual respect between workers (Certo, 2015). The management should also formulate future policies to avoid any future conflicts or negativity in between employees. According to Kehoe and Wright (2013), the effect of positive employees attitude significantly influences other workers attitude in a team. In case of a single colleague, the effect is lower than compared to the group because of the theory of peer pressure. An extrovert leader can uplift the attitude of the entire team with his positivity. The influence of negative leader is similar to a team, where most team members will feel unsatisfied or negative towards their job. It is necessary that the leader of a team must be positive to ensure the full productivity from the team members. The mutual trust between employer and workers can benefit the relationships in the workplace, by shifting the negative attitude of employees into positive. Glavas and Kelley (2014) provided that to establish mutual trust, the proper channel of communication should be established in between employer and colleagues. There are several theories provided by experts that humour can positively influence the employees attitude. Positive humour can establish a trust between employer and colleagues by establishing positive vibes in the workplace. The tension between workers can be eliminated by the managements use of humour and it can assist in the establishment of a positive relationship. To understand the influence of humour in organisational behaviour, a research conducted using 184 interns. The research concluded that people prefer to work under positive humour management rather than strict management. Further, the research provided that humours management assists in establishing a high le vel of trust in the organisation which helps in improving the performance of the corporation (Coccia, 2008). The theory given by Abraham H. Maslow assists management in understanding the requirements of their employees, which help in improving workers job satisfaction. The theory is called Hierarchy of Needs, it divided the needs of people into five different categories. The categories include physiological, safety, social, self-worth and self-actualization needs of peoples. According to Cherry (2014), the basis of this theory is that an employee can be satisfied with his work if his job can satisfy his needs. By fulfilling their employees needs, the management can improve the satisfaction of their employees at the workplace. Motivator-Hygiene Theory is another model provided by Herzberg which provides that satisfaction and dissatisfaction of an employee are two different concepts which are generally separate from one another. As per Malik and Naeem (2013), factors such as salary, bonus, and perks of the job are related to satisfaction of employee and called Motivators. Other factors such as working conditions, policies, safety and workplace environment are related to employees dissatisfaction and called Hygiene. The motivator and hygiene aspects are completely separate from each other, meaning an employee can neither be satisfied nor dissatisfied with his job. The employees of an organisation can be neutral, which makes it difficult for management to motivate such employees. The commitment and satisfaction level of employees gets influenced by various aspects of a workplace environment. For example, negative attitude of other employees or bullying can adversely influence employees behaviour in a corporation. According to Mowday, Porter, and Steers (2013), the lack of safety regulations or guidelines of a workplace can reduce the productivity of employees. Other positive aspects such as future opportunities for growth can uplift the attitude of the employees. The positive relationship with management and colleagues also enhance workers commitment towards their work. For proper employee satisfaction, mutual trust should be established between management and workers. The performance of employees is directly related to their behaviour; therefore, management establishes different guidelines to uplift the organisational behaviours. A company introduces various monetary and non-monetary compensation or rewards for their employees, to enhance their job satisfact ion and commitment. Organisations can achieve various advantages due to the positive commitment of employees toward their work. According to Shahid and Azhar (2013), the performance of workers is correlated with their commitment towards their job. A highly committed employee performs at his best without the motivation of his employer. The retention and recruitment procedure became easier since the workers are already committed towards their work. A corporation can significantly augment its revenues if the employees performed with the highest productivity. Conclusion In conclusion, the examination of organisational behaviour is significantly important for the management due to its several advantages. By maintaining a positive environment, a company can boost the productivity of their employees. The positive attitude of workers towards their job influences other employees behaviour as well. The satisfaction and commitment of employees can also be influenced by management. The commitment and satisfaction of workers are necessary to establish a positive organisational environment. A corporation can use various needs theories for satisfying their employees requirements, which can assist in improving their performance. Highly committed employees can augment the revenue of the organisation, therefore, it is necessary for managers to establish a positive organisational environment. References Aswathappa, K. and Reddy, G.S., 2009.Organisational behaviour(Vol. 12). Himalaya Publishing House. Baillien, E., Neyens, I., De Witte, H. and De Cuyper, N., 2009. A qualitative study on the development of workplace bullying: Towards a three way model.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology,19(1), pp.1-16. Brooks, I., 2009.Organisational behaviour: individuals, groups and organisation. Pearson Education. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cherry, K., 2014. Hierarchy of needs.The Five Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. About. com Guide.| Link. Coccia, M., 2008. New organisational behaviour of public research institutions: lessons learned from Italian case study.International Journal of Business Innovation and Research,2(4), pp.402-419. Creed, A., 2011. Organisational behaviour.OUP Catalogue. Douglas, S.C., Kiewitz, C., Martinko, M.J., Harvey, P., Kim, Y. and Chun, J.U., 2008. Cognitions, emotions, and evaluations: An elaboration likelihood model for workplace aggression.Academy of Management Review,33(2), pp.425-451. Glavas, A. and Kelley, K., 2014. The effects of perceived corporate social responsibility on employee attitudes.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(2), pp.165-202. Kitchin, D., 2017.An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A group and multicultural approach. Routledge. Malik, M.E. and Naeem, B., 2013. Towards understanding controversy on Herzberg theory of motivation.World Applied Sciences Journal,24(8), pp.1031-1036. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Rollinson, D., 2008.Organisational behaviour and analysis: An integrated approach. Pearson Education. Shahid, A. and Azhar, S.M., 2013. Gaining employee commitment: Linking to organizational effectiveness.Journal of Management Research,5(1), p.250.